• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to an electric machine comprising a rotor (3), a stator, an outer casing (6) and a means for cooling the stator. The rotor (3) and the stator being coaxial along a longitudinal axis (xx) and the stator comprises magnetic flux generators (5). The means for cooling the stator comprises at least two fluid circulation means, at least one first circulation means extending longitudinally within the stator to form a first stream formed by F1A and F1B and at least one second means of circulation being positioned on the periphery of said stator to form a second flux F2. The invention also relates to a compressor and a turbocharger electrified with such an electric machine.
    公开号:FR3078844A1
    申请号:FR1852012
    申请日:2018-03-08
    公开日:2019-09-13
    发明作者:Misa MILOSAVLJEVIC；Fabrice LE BERR
    申请人:IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The present invention relates to an electric machine, in particular an electric machine that can be used in an electrically assisted compression device for a working fluid, such as a liquid fluid or a gaseous fluid.
    It relates in particular to a device for compressing a gaseous fluid, here air, by a compressor, alone or associated with a turbine to form a turbocharger, to then send it to all devices and more particularly to the admission of a internal combustion engine.
    The invention may in particular prove to be relevant for the field of transport (for example automobile or truck transport), the aeronautical field, the production of electricity or else the food industry, the petroleum industry, the building and public works or even the medical / paramedical sector.
    As is widely known, the power delivered by an internal combustion engine is dependent on the amount of air introduced into the combustion chamber of this engine, the amount of air which is itself proportional to the density of this air.
    Thus, it is usual to increase this quantity of air by means of compression of the outside air before it is admitted into this combustion chamber during a need for high power. This operation, called supercharging, can be carried out by any means, such as a single compressor electrically driven by an electric machine (electrified compressor), or by a compressor associated with a turbine and an electric machine to form an electrified turbocharger.
    In the two aforementioned cases, the electric machine associated with the compressor can be of several types.
    One of these types is an electric machine with a small air gap and windings close to the rotor which allows optimal guidance of the magnetic flux and an optimized yield. This type of electric machine has the advantage of a certain compactness, which can sometimes become problematic for its cooling and which requires the use of a specific system to evacuate its thermal losses.
    In order not to be intrusive on the air inlet of the compressor, this type of electric machine is conventionally positioned on the back of the centrifugal compressor in the case of an electrified compressor, or between the compressor and the turbine in the case of an electrified turbocharger, despite the presence of an unfavorable thermal environment in the latter case, since it is close to the turbine. Generally, the connection between the compressor, the turbine and the electric machine is rigid. This type of machine can also be positioned on the compressor side but at a distance relatively far from the air intake so as not to disturb the latter.
    This type of system is better described in patents US 2014/0373532, US 8,157,543, US 8,882,478, US 2010/0247342, US 6,449,950, US 7,360,361, EP 0 874 953 or EP 0 912 821.
    The cooling systems proposed in these patents allow external cooling of the stator which can complicate the system in its design and integration.
    Another type of machine is an electric machine with a large air gap (called an "Air Gap" machine), the air gap of which can sometimes measure several centimeters in order to let the working fluid pass through this air gap, thus allowing integration as close as possible. compression systems, in a much more favorable thermal environment.
    However, this large air gap represents a drawback for ensuring the passage of the magnetic flux between the rotor and the stator and therefore a limitation for the intrinsic efficiency of the machine as well as for the size of the stator for the same power delivered.
    This type of electric machine is notably described in patents EP 1 995 429, US 2013/169074 or US 2013/043745.
    A new type of machine has appeared recently. This is the stator grid machine, which is better described in patent applications FR 3,041,831 (WO2017 / 050577) and FR 3,048,022. This electrical machine, called “stator grid”, comprises a rotor and a stator. The stator comprises a multiplicity of radial passages arranged circumferentially along the stator, magnetic flux generators housed in these radial passages, and a stator bearing receiving the rotor. Magnetic flux generators are for example coils. The radial passages include galleries for the circulation of fluid facing the magnetic flux generators. In addition, the radial passages are separated by radial teeth, also called "stator teeth".
    This machine has the advantage of offering a better compromise in terms of cooling and electrical performance than the other two types of machine. However, under certain operating conditions, the cooling induced by the circulation of fluid through the circulation galleries may prove to be insufficient, the fluid flow rate being fixed to achieve a performance objective of the overall system, without correlation with the need for intrinsic cooling of the machine.
    For all these electric machines, cooling the stator is a major issue to improve the life of the electric machine, increase its operating range and improve its efficiency. However, this cooling must not, in return, impact the maximum output power. Cooling should also not have a significant impact on the cost or size of the system. The performance of the electric machine is also very important for the performance of an electrified compressor and a fortiori in the case of an electrified turbocharger.
    Similar problems arise for all types of electric machines.
    Furthermore, on solutions of electrified supercharging systems, the use of electric machines with stator grids can be limiting when the flow rate passing through the electric machine is high. The latter can create a high pressure drop which can reduce the overall performance of the system.
    To meet the aforementioned needs, the present invention relates to an electric machine comprising a rotor, a stator, an outer casing and a means for cooling said stator, the rotor and the stator being coaxial along a longitudinal axis, the stator comprising flux generators. magnetic. The stator cooling means comprises at least two means for circulating a fluid. At least one first circulation means extends longitudinally within the stator and at least one second circulation means is positioned around the periphery of the stator. Thus, the electric machine has an efficient cooling means, passing as close as possible to both sides of the magnetic flux generators, without impacting the magnetic flux or the iron losses. In addition, this cooling means does not induce significant additional cost or major modification on the size of the system. This means of cooling is simple and does not use a closed loop of fluid, which would result in the addition of pumps and other equipment as well as the consumption of fluid. Finally, it limits the pressure drop generated by the machine on the fluid, by not passing all of the working fluid through the stator grid.
    The invention also relates to a compression device equipped with such an electric machine and a turbocharger electrified with this type of electric machine.
    The device according to the invention
    The device according to the invention relates to an electric machine comprising a rotor, a stator, an external casing and a means for cooling said stator, the rotor and the stator being coaxial along a longitudinal axis, the stator comprising magnetic flux generators, characterized in that said means for cooling said stator comprises at least two means for circulating a fluid, at least one first means of circulation extending longitudinally within said stator and at least one second means of circulation being positioned on the periphery of said stator.
    Advantageously, the stator comprises a multiplicity of radial passages arranged circumferentially along said stator, said radial passages being delimited by radial teeth, said magnetic flux generators being housed in said radial passages, said radial passages forming said at least one first passage of fluid opposite said magnetic flux generators.
    Preferably, the fluid is air, preferably air at ambient temperature taken from the ambient medium.
    According to one embodiment of the invention, at least one second circulation means is located between said magnetic flux generators and the external envelope.
    According to a variant of the invention, the entry into at least second circulation means is radial from said at least first circulation means.
    Alternatively, the entry of said at least second circulation means is axial.
    According to one embodiment of the invention, the outlet of said second circulation means is radial.
    Alternatively, the outlet of said second circulation means is axial.
    Advantageously, the second circulation means comprises, at its outlet, means for substantially radial orientation of the fluid flow for mixing said fluids circulating in said at least two circulation means.
    Advantageously, said at least second circulation means comprises a flow control means, active or passive, positioned at the entrance or at the exit of said at least second circulation means.
    Preferably, said at least second means of circulation comprises fins at the level of said at least second means of circulation, preferably, fins extending from one end to the other of the section, orthogonal to the direction of the flow of fluid , of said at least second means of circulation.
    The invention also relates to a device for compressing a gaseous or liquid fluid comprising a compression means with an inlet for said fluid to be compressed, an outlet for said compressed fluid, said means for compressing said fluid being carried by a compressor shaft and housed between said inlet and said outlet, and an electric machine according to one of the preceding characteristics, said electric machine being positioned upstream, in the direction of the flow of fluid, from said compression means.
    In addition, the invention also relates to an electrified turbocharger device comprising an expansion means and a compression device, according to the preceding characteristic, said expansion means and said compression device being fixed on the same rotation shaft, allowing a setting in common rotation of said expansion means and said compression device.
    Brief presentation of the figures
    Other characteristics and advantages of the system according to the invention will appear on reading the description below of nonlimiting examples of embodiments, with reference to the appended figures and described below.
    FIG. 1 illustrates a first embodiment of an electric machine according to the invention.
    FIG. 2 illustrates a second embodiment of an electric machine according to the invention.
    FIG. 3 illustrates a third embodiment of an electric machine according to the invention.
    FIG. 4 illustrates a fourth embodiment of an electric machine according to the invention.
    FIG. 5 illustrates a fifth embodiment of an electric machine according to the invention.
    FIG. 6 illustrates a diagram of an electrified compression device according to the invention.
    FIG. 7 illustrates a diagram of an electrified turbocharger device according to the invention.
    Detailed description of the invention
    The invention relates to an electric machine comprising a rotor, a stator, an outer casing and a means for cooling the stator. The rotor and stator are used to generate an electric current ("generator" mode of the electric machine) or to drive the rotor in rotation from an electric current ("motor" mode of the electric machine). The outer casing, also known as a "casing", serves to protect the internal equipment of the machine, including the rotor and the stator, from external aggressions (water spray for example) and also serves to protect the user from risks risks and so-called “rotating machine” risks represented by the electric machine. The rotor and the stator are coaxial, along a longitudinal axis, so as to allow the rotation of the rotor in the stator. The stator comprises magnetic flux generators, for example coils. When the electric machine operates in "motor" mode, the magnetic flux generators create a magnetic flux, driving the rotor, equipped with magnetic receivers such as permanent magnets, in rotation. When in generator mode, the rotation of the rotor, and therefore of its permanent magnets, generates an induced electric current in the magnetic flux generators (which thus works as a receiver).
    The cooling means is used to cool the machine to allow it to operate over optimal temperature ranges for its operation. Thus, the life of the electric machine and its efficiency are increased. The performance of the electric machine is improved.
    The cooling means comprises at least two means for circulating a fluid.
    At least one first means of circulation extends longitudinally in the stator (within the stator). In this way, the fluid passes completely through the stator in the longitudinal direction, making it possible to capture a large part of the heat losses from the stator of the electric machine, if necessary by means of the stator grid.
    At least one second circulation means is positioned around the periphery of the stator. When the rotor is positioned in the stator, at least one second circulation means is then positioned outside the stator, between the stator and the outer casing. This second flow of fluid circulation passes closer to the magnetic flux generators, which improves their cooling and therefore increases the performance and efficiency of the electric machine. If possible, only one wall separates the second fluid circulation flow from the magnetic flux generators, the wall serving to avoid direct contact between the fluid and the magnetic flux generators.
    The at least two circulation means are in open circuits. Thus, no pump, piping and ancillary equipment useful for circulation in a closed loop is necessary. When the at least two fluid circulation means are separated only by the magnetic flux generators, that is to say when the fluid circulation means are located on either side of the magnetic flux generators, in passing as close as possible to the magnetic flux generators, the efficiency of the cooling means is improved.
    This configuration of cooling means with at least two means for circulating fluid is particularly advantageous. It makes it possible to increase the cross-section of the fluid, compared with a configuration where only one or the other of the circulation means would be used, without increasing the air gap. By increasing the passage section, the fluid flow can therefore be increased, without inducing additional pressure drops. On the contrary, in the configuration where only one of the two fluid circulation means is used, the increase in the fluid passage section would be greater and would require a greater increase in the overall dimensions of the machine. As a result, the flow of fluid passing through the machine would then be limited because of the pressure drops.
    Increasing the flow of fluid in the electrical machine improves its intrinsic cooling. In addition, by separating the circulation of fluid into at least two parts, one inside the stator, and at least another part on its outer periphery, and more particularly if the flow of circulation passes through and through. other of the magnetic flux generators, the cooling efficiency is improved. We can then, for the same size of machine, increase its power or for a machine of the same power, make it more compact. In addition, reducing the temperature of the flow generators makes it possible to reduce their resistance and therefore the joule losses, thus making it possible to further improve the yield.
    This cooling means is particularly relevant when a compression means (a compressor for example) is used downstream of the electric machine. Indeed, increasing the flow rate arriving at the inlet of the compression means, without impacting the pressure drops in the electrical machine, makes it possible to improve the performance of the compression means. A compression device electrified by such a machine, and a fortiori an electrified turbocharger device, therefore represent a significant gain in performance by synergy between the gains obtained on the electric machine and those obtained on the compression means.
    Here, the present invention relates to all types of electric machine, including stator grid machines and large "AirGap" machines.
    According to one embodiment of the electric machine according to the invention, the stator may include a multiplicity of radial passages arranged circumferentially along the stator, cylindrical or substantially cylindrical. The radial passages can be delimited by radial teeth and the magnetic flux generators can be housed in the radial passages, these radial passages thus forming at least a first fluid passage opposite said magnetic flux generators (coils for example). In this case, the electric machine is an electric machine with a stator grid.
    The cooling means comprising at least two circulation means, as defined above, is particularly suitable for an electric machine with a stator grid. Indeed, the electric machine with stator grid is designed to allow a significant flow of fluid within the stator. At least one second means of circulation, situated on the periphery of the stator, preferably between the magnetic flux generators and the external envelope, makes it possible to further improve the cooling, for example, during operation inducing a strong current in the generators. magnetic flux and therefore significant joule losses. This additional cooling also improves the life of the electric machine and also improves the efficiency of the electric machine by reducing the temperature and therefore the resistance of these flux generators.
    Furthermore, since the flow rate is already high in the stator by the very configuration of the stator grid machine, the passage section of the second circulation means can be reduced, thus limiting the space constraints. With this second circulation means, it is possible to reduce the passage section inside the stator, limiting the space constraints and the quantity of materials used in the stator, which implies a reduction in the cost of the system but also a reduction in iron losses because the electric machine contains less ferric material.
    Preferably, the fluid can be air, preferably air taken from the ambient medium. Thus, there is no need to consume dedicated fluid which on the one hand, reduces the cost of the cooling means and on the other hand, avoids the use of pumps, tanks, pipes and other ancillary equipment, which would incur a cost and risk of breakdowns.
    According to a variant of the invention, at least a second circulation means can be located between the magnetic flux generators and the external envelope. Thus, the circulation of fluid passes as close as possible to the magnetic flux generators, allowing improved cooling.
    Preferably, at least a second circulation means can be constituted by an annular space, for example between the external diameter of the magnetic flux generators and the internal diameter of the external envelope.
    This at least second circulation means can also consist of a set of longitudinal spaces of circular section, in the form of attached tubes or holes in a metallic mass, these spaces preferably being distributed fairly around the magnetic flux generators in order to '' dissipate thermal energy as homogeneously as possible.
    According to one embodiment of the machine according to the invention, the stator, the rotor and the outer casing can be of cylindrical, substantially cylindrical or annular shape. The entry into the second means of circulation may be radial from the first means of circulation. In this case, the flow arriving in the machine is partially deflected. Part of the flow continues longitudinally to pass through the stator and the deviated part enters radially into at least a second circulation means, the distribution of the flow being carried out passively via the pressure difference upstream / downstream of the electric machine. This configuration simplifies the design of the machine with a single air inlet instead of two separate inlets.
    Alternatively, entry into at least one second means of circulation may be axial. In this case, the electric machine has two separate air inlets. These two air inlets may or may not be from the same fluid stream upstream of the electric machine. The axial inlet is interesting because it reduces pressure losses compared to a radial inlet.
    According to a variant of the system according to the invention, the outlet of at least one second circulation means can be radial. In this way, the junction of the flows leaving at least one first circulation means and leaving at least one second circulation means can be done before the fluid leaves the electrical machine, thus homogenizing the output flow.
    Alternatively, the outlet of at least one second circulation means can be axial. In this case, the electric machine has two separate air outlets. These two air outlets may or may not join in the same stream of fluid, downstream of the electric machine. The axial outlet is useful for reducing pressure losses.
    Advantageously, at least one second circulation means may comprise, at its outlet, a means for substantially radial orientation of the fluid flow for mixing the fluids circulating in at least two circulation means. This substantially radial orientation means has the function of orienting the flow of fluid circulation to give it a rotational movement, called "pre-rotation", around the longitudinal axis of the electric machine. This function is particularly advantageous when a compressor is used downstream, in the direction of circulation of the fluid, of the electric machine. Indeed, the pre-rotation movement of the fluid makes it possible to modify the field of the compressor, by increasing its area of use, in particular towards low flow rates and high compression ratios (the compression ratio being the ratio between the outlet pressure of the compressor inlet pressure). This substantially radial orientation means can, for example, be constituted by blades or by parts substantially or partially resembling blades. It can also consist of circular parts: for example a circular rotating part and another fixed circular part, at least one of the two being perforated, so that during the rotation, the opening is opens more or less, alternately being completely open, partially closed, then completely closed, partially open, completely open etc ...
    Advantageously, at least one second circulation means can comprise a flow control means, active or passive, positioned at the entrance or at the exit of at least one second circulation means. This regulation means allows or not the circulation in the second circulation means. This improves the operation of the machine, avoiding the passage when it is not relevant. When it is useful, in particular in the event of high flows or to modify the orientation of the flow downstream of the electric machine, either a control of the flow regulation means allows an adapted opening (active flow regulation means), or the pressure drop generated in this flow control means causes part of the fluid to pass into the second circulation means (passive flow control means). The passive flow control means has the advantage of being low cost and does not require control. The passive flow regulation means can for example consist of one or more calibrated openings, for example calibrated holes. It can also be constituted by a relevant orientation at the level of entry into the second circulation means, orientation generating an adequate pressure drop, forcing the flow to pass in the first circulation means up to a certain flow rate. On the contrary, the active system allows a regulation of the flow, and a more adapted operation. It can be an "all-round" valve, a flow control valve type ball valve or a set of vanes for example.
    Preferably, at least one second means of circulation can comprise fins at the level of the second means of circulation. The fins increase the heat exchange surface and thus improve the cooling of the machine.
    Preferably, the fins can extend from one end to the other of the section, orthogonal to the direction of the flow of fluid, of the second circulation means. For example, when the stator and the outer shell are cylindrical, the fins may extend from the outer diameter of the stator to the inner diameter of the outer shell. Thus, the heat exchange surface is improved.
    The invention also relates to a device for compressing a gaseous or liquid fluid comprising a compression means with an inlet for the fluid to be compressed, an outlet for the compressed fluid. The fluid compression means is carried by a compressor shaft and housed between the inlet and the outlet. The device comprises an electric machine according to at least one of the characteristics described above. The electric machine can then be positioned upstream, in the direction of the fluid flow, from the compression means. The use of an electric machine as described above makes it possible to improve the performance of the electric compressor, by the improved performance of the electric machine, by the increase in flow rate at the compressor inlet, and by the modification of the field operating the compressor to increase its area of use, particularly towards low flow rates and high compression ratios, through the use for example of pre-rotation. Pre-rotation, in the opposite direction, also allows compressor operation to be extended to high flow rates.
    The invention also relates to an electrified turbocharger device comprising an expansion means and a compression device, as described above. The expansion means and the compression device are then fixed on the same rotation shaft, allowing a common rotation of the expansion means and the compression device. Improvements to the electrified compressor with any of the foregoing features improve the performance of the electrified turbocharger.
    FIG. 6 shows, schematically and without limitation, an example of an electrified compression device, in the form of an electrified compressor 20 according to the invention. The system comprises a rotation shaft 1, an electric machine 10 and a compression means 15 (for example a compressor). Fluid flows through the system in the direction of the dotted arrows. The electric machine 10 is placed upstream of the compression means 15 in the direction of the flow of fluid circulation, so as to be in a thermal conditioning more favorable to its cooling. A guidance system 2 serves to take up the forces, in particular the mass of the assembly, and also serves to install bearings. Preferably, the compression means 15 is placed downstream of the electric machine 10, just behind the electric machine 10. Being thus as close as possible to the electric machine 10, the compression means 15 benefits from a high flow of air passing through the electric machine.
    The electric machine comprises a rotor 3 and a stator 12. The stator 12 is fixed. The rotor 3 and the compression means 15 rotate by a common action induced by the rotation shaft 1. The magnetic field induced in the electric machine 10 can generate the rotation of the rotor 3, driving the rotation shaft 1, itself even driving the compression means 15. Under certain conditions, when the compression means decelerates, the operation can be reversed: the rotation of the compression means 15 drives the rotation shaft 1 which itself drives the rotation of the rotor 3, thereby generating electricity within the electric machine 10.
    FIG. 7 shows, schematically and without limitation, an example of an electrified turbocharger device 30, comprising an electrified compressor 20 and an expansion means (here a turbine) 25. The electrified compressor 20 is identical to that of FIG. 6 In the electrified turbocharger 30, the rotation shaft 1, which allows the common rotation of the electric machine 10 and the compression means 15, is extended on the other side of the guide system 2 and also allows the rotation of the means trigger 25. The trigger 25, is positioned on the side opposite the electrified compressor with respect to the guide system 2. Other arrangements are nevertheless possible, without this being able to limit the invention.
    Figures 1 to 5 illustrate several embodiments of electric machines according to the invention of the electric machine type stator grid, but the invention can be used for other types of electric machine, without limitation.
    In addition, for Figures 1 to 5, the rotor 3, the shaft 1, the guide system 2, the stator grid 4, the outer casing 6 and the magnetic flux generators 5 form cylindrical or annular parts or substantially cylindrical or annular. In these figures, the dotted arrows indicate the circulation of fluid, through the machine, the circulations being in open loop.
    Figure 1 shows, schematically and without limitation, a first embodiment of the electric machine according to the invention.
    The electric machine of FIG. 1 comprises a rotation shaft 1, a guide system 2, which can group, without limitation, bearings, bearings for guiding and connecting with the ancillary equipment, a rotor 3, a stator grid 4 , magnetic flux generators 5 and an external casing 6. Magnetic flux generators 5, for example coils, are positioned in the stator grid 4, in the external peripheral part of the stator grid 4, the external diameter of the generators magnetic flux 4, and that of the stator grid 5 being substantially combined. The stator grid 4 and the magnetic flux generators 5 form the stator of the electric machine. As better described in patent applications FR 3,041,831 (WO2017 / 050577) and FR 3,048,022, the stator grid 4 comprises radial sails forming circulation galleries. A fluid can therefore circulate in these circulation galleries, which thus form at least a first means of circulation, the fluid thus being able to cool the magnetic flux generators 5, on their internal diameter, and the stator grid 4. The exchange surface significant thermal generated by the radial sails provides very efficient cooling of the electric machine.
    The axis xx is the longitudinal axis around which the rotor 3 and the rotation shaft 1 rotate, the rotor 3 being mounted fixed on the rotation shaft 1 allowing a common rotation of the rotation shaft 1 and of the rotor 3. The stator, composed of the stator grid 4 and the magnetic flux generators 5, surrounds the rotor and is fixed. An air gap is arranged between the rotor and the stator.
    A guidance system 2 is used to take up the forces, in particular from the mass of the electric machine, and to place, for example and without limitation, bearings allowing the connection between the rotation shaft 1 to a frame fixed (not shown).
    In this electric machine, circulates a fluid. This fluid is for example air, preferably taken from the ambient medium. The circulation of the fluid is in open circuit.
    In Figure 1, the fluid arriving in the machine is split into several flows. A first part of a first flow F1B passes directly into the circulation galleries of the stator grid 4, thus forming at least a first circulation means. The first flow F1B can pass through the stator of another type of electric machine. A small part of this first flow passes through the air gap (space formed between the rotor 3 and the stator grid 4): it is the flow F1A.
    A second circulation flow F2 is diverted from the first circulation flow F1A / F1B to pass into an entry ER2, here a radial entry, and then passes through at least one second means of circulation. This second circulation means is an annular section between the magnetic flux generators 5 and the external envelope 6. Preferably, this second circulation means is close to the outside diameter of the magnetic flux generators 5, so as to optimize their cooling. . This second part of the circulation flow then joins the first part of the flow, generated by the flows F1A, F1B and F2, leaving by the radial output SR2. The flow emerging from the electric machine is therefore the flow reconstituted by the flows F1 A, F1B and F2.
    It is also possible to integrate a means of orienting the circulation flow (not shown) on the radial outlet SR2. This orientation means makes it possible both to mix the flows coming from the second circulation flow F2 and from the two parts of the first flow F1A and F1B passing through the air gap and the stator, and at the same time to give them a pre- rotation, around the axis of rotation. This pre-rotation of the flow is particularly advantageous when a compression device, a fortiori a turbocharger, is positioned behind the electric machine. Indeed, this pre-rotation of the flow at the input of the compression device makes it possible to increase its yield. This pre-rotation can for example be induced by blades or pieces of blades.
    For Figures 2 to 5, the references identical to Figure 1 correspond in all points to the references of Figure 1. They will not be described in detail in these figures.
    FIG. 2 represents a second embodiment of the system according to the invention, in a schematic and non-limiting manner. This embodiment differs from FIG. 1 by the addition of fins 8 positioned on the outside diameter of the magnetic flux generators 5, and fins 8 positioned at the two longitudinal ends, along the longitudinal axis xx, of the generators of magnetic flux 5. These fins promote the heat exchange between the magnetic flux generators 5 and the circulation flow F2. The fins 8 can in particular be positioned from the external diameter of the magnetic flux generators 5 and extend up to the internal diameter of the external envelope 6. Thus, the exchange surface is maximum and the cooling is optimal. Advantageously, it may be advantageous to keep a clearance, even a small one, between the fins 8 and the outer casing 6, so as to avoid conducting the heat coming from the external environment towards the stator of the electric machine (case of the stationary vehicle at the edge of the highway for example).
    This embodiment also includes flow regulation means 7 positioned at the level of the radial inlets ER2 of the second circulation flow F2 passing through at least one second circulation means. These flow regulation means 7 allow or not the passage of the fluid in the circulation means for the passage of the flow F2. They can in particular open or close a passage section in “all-our” mode or open a passage section in a regulated manner so as to allow a more or less large passage section according to need. Without being limiting, the flow regulation means can be a simple calibrated hole for passage through the flow F2 under certain pressure / flow conditions (in this case it is a passive system), an “all- or nothing ”(active or passive system) or even a control valve (active system), such as a ball valve for example.
    For Figures 3 to 5, the references identical to Figure 2 correspond in all points to the references of Figure 2. They will not be described in detail in these figures.
    Figure 3 shows a third variant of the electric machine according to the invention. In this figure, the flow regulation means is positioned on the radial outlet SR2 of at least one second circulation flow F2. This configuration has the same function as that of FIG. 2, that is to say to let or not pass a flow in the second circulation means. By positioning the flow regulation means at the outlet of at least one second flow, it is possible to also integrate therein a means of orienting the circulation flow. This orientation means makes it possible both to mix the flows coming from the second circulation flow F2 and from the two parts of the first flow F1A and F1B passing through the air gap and the stator, and at the same time to give them a pre- rotation, around the axis of rotation. This pre-rotation of the flow is particularly advantageous when a compression device such as a compressor, a fortiori a turbocharger, is positioned behind the electric machine, thus creating an electrified compressor or an electrified turbocharger. Indeed, this pre-rotation of the flow at the inlet of the compressor makes it possible to increase its efficiency. This pre-rotation can for example be induced by blades or pieces of blades.
    For Figures 4 and 5, the references identical to Figure 3 correspond in all points to the references of Figure 3. They will not be described in detail in these figures.
    FIG. 4 shows a fourth variant of the electric machine according to the invention, in a schematic and nonlimiting manner. This figure differs from previous Figures 1 to 3 in that the entry of the fluid into the second circulation means is no longer radially but axially. Thus, the electric machine no longer has a single fluid input but two fluid inputs. However, these two inputs can come from the same fluid stream upstream of the electric machine. It can for example be the same piping whose diameter would include the two axial inlets of the electric machine. The flow input EL2 is therefore axial, parallel to the axis of rotation xx. The EL2 axial inlet reduces pressure losses compared to a radial inlet.
    The output of the flow F2 remains radial and has a flow regulation means 7 on the radial output SR2, this flow regulation means may or may not include a means for orienting the flow in output to induce or not a pre- flow rotation.
    In FIG. 4, the fins 8 are arranged all around the magnetic flux generators 5. In fact, they are arranged both on the outside diameter and at the two longitudinal ends of the magnetic flux generators 5, as in FIGS. 2 and 3, both on the inside diameter of the magnetic flux generators 5. By completely surrounding the magnetic flux generators 5, the fins 8 allow better cooling by increasing the exchange surface.
    FIG. 5 also shows a fifth variant of the electric machine according to the invention, in a schematic and non-limiting manner. This figure differs from FIG. 4 in that the fins 8 of FIG. 4 are replaced by a secondary cooling system 9. This secondary cooling system 9 can for example consist of a closed circuit for cooling a fluid, preferably liquid.
    The invention is particularly relevant, among others, for other applications such as turbines, in particular of the "microturbine" or "turbogenerator" type.
    权利要求:
    Claims (13)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    claims
    1) Electric machine (10) comprising a rotor (3), a stator (12), an outer casing (6) and a means for cooling said stator, the rotor (3) and the stator (12) being coaxial along an axis longitudinal (xx), the stator (12) comprising magnetic flux generators (5), characterized in that said means for cooling said stator (12) comprises at least two means for circulating a fluid, at least one first means circulation extending longitudinally within said stator (12) and at least one second circulation means being positioned on the periphery of said stator (12).
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2) An electric machine (10) according to claim 1, for which the stator (12) comprises a multiplicity of radial passages arranged circumferentially along said stator (12), said radial passages being delimited by radial teeth, said magnetic flux generators (5) being housed in said radial passages, said radial passages forming said at least one first fluid passage opposite said magnetic flux generators (5).
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3) Electric machine (10) according to one of the preceding claims, for which the fluid is air, preferably air at ambient temperature taken from the ambient medium.
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4) Electric machine (10) according to one of the preceding claims, for which at least a second circulation means is located between said magnetic flux generators (5) and the external envelope (6).
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5) Electric machine (10) according to one of the preceding claims, for which the entry into at least second circulation means is radial from said at least first circulation means.
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    6) Electric machine (10) according to one of claims 1 to 4, for which the entry of said at least second circulation means is axial.
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    7) Electric machine (10) according to one of the preceding claims, for which the outlet of said second circulation means is radial.
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    8) Electric machine (10) according to one of claims 1 to 6, for which the outlet of said second circulation means is axial.
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    9) Electric machine (10) according to claim 7, for which the second circulation means comprises, at its outlet, a means of substantially radial orientation of the fluid flow for mixing said fluids circulating in said at least two circulation means .
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    10) Electric machine (10) according to one of the preceding claims, for which said at least second circulation means comprises a flow control means (7), active or passive, positioned at the inlet (ER2, EL2) or at the outlet (SR2) of said at least second circulation means.
    [11" id="c-fr-0011]
    11) Electric machine (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said at least second circulation means comprises fins (8) at said at least second circulation means, preferably fins extending from one end to the other of the section, orthogonal to the direction of the flow of fluid, from said to
    5 minus second means of circulation.
    [12" id="c-fr-0012]
    12) Compression device (20) for a gaseous or liquid fluid comprising a compression means (15) with an inlet for said fluid to be compressed, an outlet for said compressed fluid, said compression means (15) for said fluid being carried by a compressor shaft (1) and housed between said inlet and said outlet, and an electric machine
    10 (10) according to one of the preceding claims, said electric machine (10) being positioned upstream, in the direction of the flow of fluid, of said compression means (15).
    [13" id="c-fr-0013]
    13) An electrified turbocharger device (30) comprising an expansion means (25) and a compression device (20), according to claim 12, said expansion means (25) and said compression device (20) being fixed on a same rotation shaft (1),
    15 allowing a common rotation of said expansion means (25) and said compression device (20).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    WO2019170490A1|2019-09-12|
    JP2021516526A|2021-07-01|
    US20200412206A1|2020-12-31|
    CN111819772A|2020-10-23|
    EP3763023A1|2021-01-13|
    FR3078844B1|2021-10-08|
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    法律状态:
    2019-03-27| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2019-09-13| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20190913 |
    2020-03-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2021-03-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1852012A|FR3078844B1|2018-03-08|2018-03-08|DOUBLE-FLOW ELECTRIC MACHINE|
    FR1852012|2018-03-08|FR1852012A| FR3078844B1|2018-03-08|2018-03-08|DOUBLE-FLOW ELECTRIC MACHINE|
    PCT/EP2019/054849| WO2019170490A1|2018-03-08|2019-02-27|Dual-flux electric machine|
    US16/979,082| US20200412206A1|2018-03-08|2019-02-27|Dual-flux electric machine|
    JP2020547070A| JP2021516526A|2018-03-08|2019-02-27|Double flow electromechanical|
    EP19706697.0A| EP3763023A1|2018-03-08|2019-02-27|Dual-flux electric machine|
    CN201980017934.7A| CN111819772A|2018-03-08|2019-02-27|Double-magnetic-flux motor|
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